Preface:
Canour was formerly known for its British name "Crangagnol" or the Portuguese name "Cannonore". It is known as "the country of loom and latitude". It is the largest city in north Malabar. Kannur is famous for "Theyyam" performance (Magico religious dance). During that performance, the performer is considered to be a god in that brief period, as they are believed to be owned by the spirit of God and the performers (Theyyam is explained below). The name is "Kannur" in the ancient village of Kannathur, a village with this name still exists today in one of the provinces of Canoule City.The village itself derives from the name of Arian God - Krishna Krishna is praying widely to the Kerala people, especially women.Krishna is believed to be a manifestation of Vishnu, an important member of the Hindu trinity, in Hindu mythology According to Vishnu, in order to save the earth and mankind, Vishnu had to take 10 different avatars, each of these avatars was born in Terra Catalonia as a human being, except for Rama's avatar, others All appearances of seems to hold the power of a special god as they are "human". Among all avatars, Krishna seems to be praying for the majority of Indian people. The "Guruvayoor" temple of Kerala State is the most prevailing among many. He was a soft corner for women, painted as a naughty god in distraction. His joke with his Mepura village Gopis (cow milk girl) was celebrated as "God's play" in music and paintings. Despite this playboy's reputation, he is respected as a powerful god who has revealed influential Hindu philosophical treatment "guitar". It was also the protagonist of Hindu epic "The Mahabharata". Therefore, the direct relationship with Krishna was a problem of great self-esteem. Krishna is also worshiped in the form of a child, mainly called "Kannan". Canoule was able to have a combination of two words "Cannan" and "Uru" (meaning place and land). Combining these two words means that there is a relationship with God in the land and place of Canaan lender, Canour. The association of Kannur and the gods has produced its characteristic folklore.
Canour is an important port of the Arabian Sea, a merchant engaged in trade with Persia and Arabia in the 12th and 13th centuries. Because of its strategic position, it was also made to the British military headquarters on the west coast of India until 1887. Along with her sister city Thalassery (UK name Tellicherry), it was the third largest city on the west coast. British India of the 18th century after Mumbai and Karachi. The modern canal is the most urbanized district in Kerala, and more than 50% of the inhabitants live in urban areas. That urban population is the second largest in Kerala after the Ernakulam district.
During British rule, Kannur was part of Madras State in the North Malabar district. Despite the close relationship with the religion of Hinduism, there is a distinction that in Canoule, it is the capital of Muslim Muslim sultans known as the Arakakal Dynasty.
Canour continues to have strategic military importance for India. It accommodates Kannur area, one of the 62 military facilities in the country, is the current seat of the defense safety corps.
Geography:
The Canoule region lies between latitudes 11 ° 40 ° and 12 ° 48 ° 39 °. Northern latitude 74 degrees 52 degrees to 76 degrees 07 degrees 39 degrees. east. It is bound in the eastern western Ghats (Coorg district of Karnataka state), Kozhikode (Calicut in the English name), Wayanad district, Lakshadweep Sea in the south, Kasaragode district in the north.
Districts are divided into three areas: highlands, central and lowlands. Highland areas consist mainly of mountains where coffee, rubber, tea, cardamom, and other spices are cultivated in the farm. It is famous for lumber like teak wood, there are areas where bamboo dominates. Located between the mountains and lowlands, the Chubu area consists of undulating hills and valleys. Six rivers drain canoule, the longest one is 110 km long at the Barapathanum River. The other rivers flowing through the Canal region are Kuppam, Mahe River, Anjarakandi, Thalassarry, Ramapram, Permuba. This is the area of fierce agricultural activities where rice and paddy fields are cultivated. The majority of the district is under the central region with many hills and valleys, it has a wavy surface that gradually rises and joins the westward slope. Lowlands are relatively narrow, companies of rivers, deltas and coasts. This is the area of culture of coconut and paddy fields. Vegetation in the Canoule area is very abundant. The thick forest contains natural vegetation. In this area you can see plant communities ranging from Reishi and mangrove to the evergreen forest.
Brief History:
The earliest evidence that mankind lives in the district is the Neolithic rock cave and megalith cemetery. There is no evidence that people of the Paleolithic Age live in this area. Nevertheless, rock caves and megalithic cemetery in the Neolithic Age came to light in certain areas of the district. Tariipalamba · Canal-Taraselie Area, Rock Cut Cave, Dolmen, Burial Stone Circle and Menhel, Big Stone Burial Order. It is estimated that the first Bangladeshi immigrants to the state entered the district through the Tuluva area, which is part of the modern Karnataka state.
This area, known as Cannur, was part of the Cela (mighty Southern dynasty) kingdom that previously dominated Kerala state in the early centuries. King Cela was Kulashekhara Varman. From the 9th to the 12th century, Kerala Rule Kerala was a member of this empire in Maddojayapuram and the Kanur tribe. Meanwhile, a row of rulers called Musasha Kings dominated the Ciracal and Kolattunadu area, the capital of which was close to Ezhi. It goes without saying whether the King of Mushasha was a Cela discussion place or an independent dynasty. By the AD of the 14th century, the old Mooshaka kingdom became known as a ruler known as Kolattunadu and Kolathiris, became prominent in North Kerala. Korachiris gained political and military power and became a force to consider when Portugal arrived at the end of the 15th century. They were a political and commercial rival of Zamorins of Kozhikode. After that Canoule became the capital of Korateri Rajasu whose kingdom had trade relations with Arabia and Persia in the 12 th and 13 th centuries. In his book on travel, Marco Polo recalls that he visited the area in the mid-1290s. Fa-hien, Buddhist pilot, Ibn Batuta, other visitors including Moroccan writers and historians. According to the local legend, Solomon's ship moored along the coast of Canoule and gathered wood to build the temple of the Lord. Canoule also refers to Nowra as a periplas of the Eritrean Sea, an ancient Greek work.
Modern day rulers of Kerala province had intense competition to dominate profitable spice trade. To control the trade control of the coastline where the port was located. These conflicts caused a constant war. Despite the obvious danger of delegating colonial authority within its territory, the rulers did not stop trivial conflicts. These gaps were exploited by the power of all colonies. When Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama passed through Canouur in 1498, he also used opportunities to form an alliance with the king of Colorado. The famous Portuguese navigator Vasco Da Gama did not visit the canoe at the end of May 1498 towards Kazuhikode but established contact with the collateral ruler. His ship who left Kozhikode on August 29, 1498 was contacted by the boat sent by Korachiri and Gama was invited to visit the palace. The purpose of Korateri was to gain wealth and power with the help of the Portuguese. It is the same way that Zamorin got acquainted with the help of Arab people. In acquiring the alliance of Kolathiri, Vasco Da Gama successfully utilized the jealousy of the native prince and won the virtual monopoly of pepper trading to the Portuguese. He was able to obtain permission to create a Portuguese settlement with canol concessions. Francisco de Almeida was given a special order from Portugal to build a fort at a strategic point. He began construction of fortress Canoual in 1505 and was named St. Louis. Angelo. The settlement is only the beginning, it is here that the iconic St. Angelo fortress was built. On March 16, 1506, the Portuguese effectively intercepted the weapons of Turks and Arabs launched by Zanlin against Canoule. The Portuguese Navy under Lorenzo Almeida fought against the fleet of Zamorin and the Portuguese ship had a decisive victory. This navy 's victory is dominated by the establishment of the Portuguese navy hegemony in Indian waters.
As the power of the Portuguese grew, Coratelli and Zamorin became sick. Nevertheless, Zamorin was able to persuade Kolathiri the real motives of Indian Portuguese and the crisis inherent in his friendly policy. Portuguese Portuguese followed the policies of religious persecution and forced conversion in order to emphasize the alienation between the local monarch and the chief. Finally, Portuguese was seen as a common enemy, and the alliance was blocked between Korachali and Zamorin. In 1558, Korachiri actively supported Kojakari's Kunhari Melical (Captain Rebel Navy) and was opened to a place of fight with Portuguese. Kolathiri and Zamorin fought a common battle with the Portuguese and they besieged the St. Louis fortress. However, the Portuguese continued to maintain an unstable foothold in Canouur until 1663, but in February of that year it was caught by another European colonial ruler (the Netherlands).
The British East India Company had a humble beginning in Kerala. It got the first foothold in the district in the end year of the 17th century. It got a Thalassery site in the Fort and Factory section. Even though the initial stage faced many difficulties, the trade of the English East India Company prospered during the 17th and 18th century XVIII century due to the free trade policy. Furthermore, unlike the Portuguese, they refused to interfere with the religious and class problems of local residents. From the latter half of the seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, the control of Korachiri began to collapse due to the change of the royal family. The UK gives the opportunity to acquire political power around the territory. With the ascension of Mysore's throne Haider Ali, the new "native" army was in wandering for the territory where it was expanded. Haider Ali bought Malabar in 1773. In January 1788, Tipu Sultan defended Kerala as a large army and established a new capital city in Feroke in Malero Province. In the late 18th century, Mysore's rulers Hidar Ali and Tip Sultan acquired much of the British Cannur. British brands Haider Ali and Tipu sultan are hostile to their territory and their trade with their competitiveness. With a strong and competitive motive, the conflict between these parties was a natural advancement of the desire. In 1792, at the conclusion of the 3 rd Anglo-Mysore War, British defeated the military of the Mysore region of Kerala province decisively. The treaty of Srirangapatanam was signed on February 22 and March 18, 1792 and basically transferred ownership to the UK. They took over Canoule and the surrounding area and entered the new Malabar district. This district became a member of the British president of Madras. The British government divided Malabar province into two administrative zones (north and south), and the supervisors of Tharassery and Cherpulasseri, respectively, headquarters in Cozhikode under the supervision of Governor of Malzar State and governor.
The defeat of Tipu sultan symbolized the death of native resistance. Tipu was a great warrior, but his own dominant alternative had been dealt with by the constant invasion of the surrounding area. After the time of generosity of his personality, he did not hesitate to forcibly change many natives to Muslim. However, he effectively cultivated the image of a "worldly" warrior. His defeat came and symbolized the sinister time. The British were the new rulers and the rulers in the area understood this very well. Victors have come to hold all the loot to integrate their property, British can "get in" a contract with Rajas of Chirakkal, Kottayam, Kadathanand, all of them in each territory I recognized the company's complete sovereignty. "Company" is now king of king Kerala (at least most part).
Symbolic importance of the fort of St. Angelo:
It was built in 1505 by India's first Portuguese Governor Dom Francisco de Almeida. It is located along the Arabian Sea, about 3 km from the town of Canour. Trade was not the only thing in Portuguese 's mind when I was hoping for reconciliation in Cannar. They planned a long stay and I knew that it was not easy to rule the native population. As all colonialists know, overwhelming the population, if overwhelming, it is important to rule their heart. Therefore, Portuguese utilized architecture to strengthen their position in both the land and the minds of these indigenous people. Architecture proves the power to handle masses excessively. It is a palace, a fort, a church or other worldly structure. Size is dominant and has been proved many times over and over. Therefore, the Portuguese, headed by the first Portuguese governor general for India, in 1505 built a fortress Angelo in northern Cannour above the cape that strikes the Lakshadweep Sea. It is not as large as other ports in India, but its sturdy wall gives the impression of strength. Cancer has been placed at a strategic point visible to people. The fortress became a local tradition and became a symbol of the colonial era power and the indigenous people.
The first colonial fort eliminated certain elements of legitimacy and became a symbol of authority. It was something like "someone who owns the fort has land ownership". Therefore, its ownership has become the ultimate aim of all colonialists. That ownership changed hands several times. In 1663 the fort was caught by the Dutch and showed the transfer of power to them. However, the fortress was strongly recognized by symbolically revealing the power of Portugal and the importance of the power of Portugal. The fort was sold to King Arakal in 1772. As a customary colonist, the British understood the iconic power of the structure, acquired it in 1790 and transformed it into one of the major military bases on the Malabar coast.
Even today, it is a well preserved monument, pride and big guns are still wary of the invaders with awareness. At the National Museum in Amsterdam, the picture of this fort and fishing boat is on display as a background. When the head of Kunjhali Marakkar (iconic rebel army navy captain) was defeated, his demolished body displayed here will be sent as a strong message to the inhabitants and their rulers.
Thalassery Fort that symbolizes the humble beginning of Britain:
Unlike the magnificent entrance of Portugal, this fort symbolizes the humble beginning of English. They arrived in the tallary in 1683 and built a hut (a temporary building) here to make it possible to store the acquired goods in trade. They transferred their commercial capital from Thai Association who was desperate as its dominant power to Thalassery. The Dutch were interfering with their trade. By 1700 Britons built the Thalassery Fort in a small hill called Tiruvera Padukunuune and gained the confidence to strengthen by raising the height by 1708 and building a fortress. The fortress is a square structure made of laterite and is distinguished by a large ventilated wall and a strong side fortress. It was also used to imprison rebels. Behind the fortress there is a cemetery where members of the colonial community were buried. Although the cemetery is in a state of desolation, you can still read the text of the tombstone even today. The famous Episcopal Church of St. John is behind this fortress.
Theyyam - Easy sketch:
They are a unique art form of common art in the Malabar region of Kerala. Northern Malabar Region Traditionally the companies of Kollat tunadu are called the Kannur and Kasaragode districts and they are the epicenter of Theyyam. They are traditionally known as Kaliyattom. Kaliyattom is held every year as a part of religious practice. Even with a combination of animism, totemism and primitive tribal beliefs, their livelihoods are supported by the consistency of expression beliefs as "God's dance". Using performers' bright colors on their faces and costumes, creating performances with loud and rhythmic music against the backdrop of powerful and aggressive performances brings visual pleasure. This dance format claims that it is masculine in the depiction called "thandava", but most of the gods are goddess of mother.
They worship fundamentally different forms from Hindu. The shrine where acting happens is characterized by the absence of idols. The purpose of worship was the sword, shield and other accessories used by their performers during their performance. This will help you to understand the religious - military significance of Theyaam performances.
Theyyam really belongs to the genre of folklore and believes that it maintains the involvement and support of residents of the Malabar area. This ancient art form represents the collective desire of those who believe that during the performance they will become vehicles for the God who appears in God who appears in them. They are not mere forms of art but religion. It is the art form of the people, it is the art form of the people and the people.
They aim to bring the gods temporarily into the earth. The body of the actor or "Deham" becomes the medium for the descent of the gods above the ground. After the necessary rituals, it is believed that the dancer entered the trance and the spirit of God entered into his body. The next few minutes, the dancer will be a god and will be treated as one. This dance form is the result of several caste systems in Kerala. From lower classes who could not enter the religious mainstream, such as reading and reading the Bible and reading the Bible, this was their way of religion and worship. It is beyond the scope of this task to describe them, but in the era of those constraints they may also be said to indicate the only way of conflict of opinion.
Famous places in Canoule:
Muzhappilangad Beach: 15 Km from Kannur and 8 Km from Thalassery. A black rock protects this long clean beach from deep flow and makes swimmers paradise in the shallow. This is Kayla 's only drive - in beach and its length is 4 kilometers.
Ezhimala: The capital of the ancient Mooshaka king, an ancient historic place. It is prominent due to its isolation between groups of hills forming a cape. It is located 38 km north of Kannur. It is a harbor and trade center of the celestial sea of ancient Kerala and it was one of the main battlefields of the 11th century Chola-Chera war. Local tradition means that Buddha visited Ezima. The hills are known for rare medicinal herbs. In contact with the sea on three sides, the importance of Egypt has increased since the construction of the Indian Navy Academy.
Pythal Mala: It is 65 km from Kannur Town. This enchanting hill station is at a height of 4,500 feet above sea level. It is near the border of Kerala = Karnataka, plenty of animals and plants. To reach the top of the hill, trekking of 6 km is required.
Snake Park of Parassinikkadavu: The Snake Park of Parassinikkadavu is 18 km from the town of Kannur. It is one of the most famous snake parks in the country. The park is dedicated to the protection and protection of snakes, but some of them are on the verge of extinction. It has a large collection of toxic and non-toxic snakes. It also has a facility for preparing venom.
Mappila Bay: At the natural fishing port, lying near St. Louis. Fort of Angelo. The sea wall projection from the fort segregates rough seas and inland water. The bay was famous during Kolathiris'. Commercial port connecting Kolattunadu and Lakshadweep and rules for foreign transactions. The modern Mappila Bay is a modernized fishing port developed under the Indian Norway agreement.
