Rangoon (Yangon) and the history of the Shwedagon Tower

At the time of this writing since 26 years since Rangoon's origin and origin, Yangon has mixed legend, mystery, proven historical reality. Today 's Yangon is talking about different eras, different political circumstances, different political and religious events, and completed puzzles coming from different places. These & # 39; works & # 39; essential for Yangon to be both legend and reality are the monk Kingdom Suvarnabhumu, Monkunokarapa, the small fishing village Okkara (after Dagon), the Holy Symphonic Hill, the four Buddha relics Currently called Siddhartha Gautama Buddha, Okkala's merchant brothers Tapussa and Bhallika, Taniganway Gyo Min, Thagyamin, Sularata, also known as Sule nat (Parents Spirit), Mon queen Shinsawbu, Burmese King Alaungpaya etc. Burma King, Shwedagon Pagoda, of course, the most important is Britain.

Historic sites of Rangoon / Yangon and the towers of Shwedagon are inseparably intertwined, making it one thing necessary, and / or making it possible to become another. As we know that the towers of Moon, Yangon, Shwedagon (so many others) do not exist without Burma and Britain, Yangon (the original beautiful British colony Rangoon part) is certainly It is not as important as the current city streets, port city and economic center that it was.

Well, I will continue my journey on time, let's explain more about "puzzle pieces". In the latter part of the ninth century Pamma King Thamudarit began long before the heathen days started, I will tell you the next wonderful story and put them together.

Like the legend, it is all in a small scale reconciliation of Okkara, which was founded in the western month that had already established Southeast Asia at that time, in the history and legendary fog of the 6th century BC, more accurately About 585 BC At the moment not only Mon State but also the south border between Burma and Thailand, Fertile Delta region of Burma in the south, Bago County, Yangon County, Pathein District (Aya Wadi Delta The main center after them is Taton Assuming that Siddhartha Gautama was born between 563 and 483 and assuming that he became a Buddha at the age of 35, from 528 BC to 403 BC, 590 BC to 580 BC Our story will start at the right time, at that time the area where the okara was built was a lie, often damp, land like most of the southern coastal area.

The king of the moon of Okurra Lapa then lived near the hill of Singuttara at a height of 58 meters / 188 feet. As in the legend, it was already at that time for the sacred hills of Buddhism. Three Buddhas before Gautama Buddha. These relics are the 25th Buddhist walker, the 26th Buddha water purifier, the 39th Buddhist Temple water purifier, the 27th Buddha Kasapa Yukata. By the way, the name of the hill Singuttara, according to legend again, was returning to the huge centipede lived here, and elephants were elephants (Pali & singa & # 39;) on the top of the hill highlands Because it was used for excitement, the name Singuttara will return to the story on the hill & # 39; Singa uttara & # 39; OK.

Okkalapa King had two major problems, causing a headache. First, he was always looking for the idea of ​​the relics of Buddha, but was accurately hidden. And second, the hill of Singuttara knew that if the new Buddha did not show you would lose sanctity. His predecessor. Unfortunately, he could not do anything, but he sat down the hill and prayed that the next Buddha would not be too late and find the place where the relics of the old Buddha were hidden.

One day, when Okkalapa again meditated and prayed at the top of a hill Siddhartha Gautama, who reached enlightenment under the Bodhi tree of Lumpini Park (North India) told him not to worry about miraculously worrying him . He wanted a gift from King Okarapa and ceased to meditate for 49 days under Bodie's tree. After that, at the end of day 49, he came to pick up brothers Tapussa and Bhallika merchants in profession and from Okkala. He came to see him 8 ~ # 39; hsandawshin nutrient-rich hair from his head (each with 4 hair) in exchange for the first gift he accepted as Buddha, a honey cake Holy hair).

So now, the first problem, the missing from the new Buddha was solved, the brothers who were the first two disciples of Gautama Buddha bring them safely and as quickly as possible to the village Okkala There was no difference. Please hand it to their king. However, their return trip did not go as expected. On the contrary, it was quite adventurous and lost the same hair in the true sense of the word. Ultimately when they returned home they were robbed of 4 out of the first 8 hairs of Gautama Buddha. The two were robbed by Nagarajah (same as Varuna king of Narva's aquarium) and two Aryavrata's Indian Madra. As we rented the reality to the legend, they ruled in one of the kingdoms northeast of India, so it was either King of Karmapara or King of Vikramapara (the former is the latter).

With that, Tapussa and Bhallika reached Ocala, they thought that Gautama Buddha had 4 hair left. Brothers have already been keenly awaiting and were welcomed in magnificent style by King Okarapa and numerous people. However, the coffin with hair could not be opened immediately. Firstly, the second problem was the discovery of places where the remains of the ancestor Buddha of Gotama Buddha were enshrined. Gotama Buddha provided information to the brothers about where this place is located but instructs to find the trunk of a balanced tree at peak time so that neither end touches the ground However, this was not an easy thing. It is covered with jungle. Help of supernatural animals was urgently needed. Sagamamine king of genius was asked. He quickly removed many forests and reduced the places where legendary Buddhist relics could have been buried in smaller areas but could not find the exact place I was looking for. The definitive clue was finally given by the oldest nut (spirit) Sularata, Sule nat, and when there was a place where the relics of the previous Buddha remained, the moon king Okkalapa and his ethnic group It was discovered shortly there was great pleasure among them.

If you think that the vertices of incredible phenomenal events have now been delivered, you are wrong. Just wait and listen to what else the legendary one has in store for you.

The Great Festival was prepared and made for the entry ceremony. The right time to arrive at the coffin now arrived. The moment Gautama Buddha's hair was opened, an incredible miracle happened. Oh, strangely, eight hairs (and not just four) were in the coffin and radiated the light that shined the earth. There was a shake, the ground trembled, the Meru mountain shook, all the trees of the Himalayas exploded primarily to full bloom and the fruits were born. The lightning shined and the tremor's heavy rain began. Suddenly I heard an earlobe, the bracelet walked, the fool talked, the blind man could see. Wow, please imagine a bit. Please imagine how many problems will be solved when you open the coffin a while after a while. No, I do not mean funny things, I do not know if this is a better match. It just came to my mind.

So, I am approaching the end of this mysterious part of the early history of today's Yangon and Shwedagon Tower. The Buddha's hair was decorated with great glamor and emotion, and first a multi-wall pagoda with a height of 8 meters / 27 feet was built on the shrine.

So far there is no evidence, but it is admitted that Dagon is nearly certain that it was completed in 588 BC. Long ago, Buddhism was done in Burma / Myanmar region (only in Montmartre), when King Anawrahta of Bagan made state religion around 1050. At the completion, Dago Pomgoda was very discreet and reliable and small size. The outer wall of pagoda was made of iron brick. Pagoda gold foil began around the AD in 1453, the latter half of the month with Queen of the Moon Shinsawbu. I will explain this in detail later. For this reason the first Dago Pangoda does not leave the impression that the later Shwedagon Pagoda is leaving, for example, Rudyard Kipling is "the wonder of beautiful blinks burning out in the sun" and the first and most respected of today's magnificent Shwedagon Pagoda Burma It was a tower that was in there, and it was always the same.

Immediately after the first Dago Pangoda (after Shuedagon or Shwedagon Pagoda) was built, King Okarapa changed the village name Okkala to Dakago. This is the reason. The word "Dagon" is derived from the word "Dadda Galba" in Sanskrit, to be used only in the case of a tower placed in the body, teeth, hair, etc parts of Gotama · Buddha Thing. Or "ruins" "Dhagoba" Dagon Pagoda built on the hair stone of Gautama · Buddha was part of this village, so the name of the whole village as well as pagoda "Dagon" named.

There is no doubt that the history of Shwedagon began around 585, but all about it is derived from Hesse and an account about this. Because at this point the first Dagon Pagoda was completed in 588 BC. It may be several years ago or later. However, from the oldest reliable record of Shwedagon Pagoda from the 11th century when King Anawrahta of Bawan visited Dago Pagoda, a monument from Monkey from 1485 (Mon king Dhammazedi in Mon, Pali, Burmese) and later record So the legendary fog of the early mythic origins that hid most of the historical reality up to the 11th century gradually became obvious, began to pave the way for the later history history, The second part of today's Rangoon / Yangon and Shwe Da Gong Pagoda

Let me continue to the first half of the ad in the 1300s. At this time, we got about Dago Pangoda and pagodas are not well maintained. However, since 1362 of Shwedagon Pagoda, the importance and importance degree between Burma's towers has become irreparable.

1362 Pegu 's Mon King Banya U has renovated Dagon Pagoda to a height of 20 meters / 66 feet.

1436 Queen Sin Savu will start updating and expanding Dago Pangoda. She terraced the hill of Singuttara, paved the top terrace with rock, gave the present shape of the tower, raised to 40 meters / 131 feet tall, made of gold equal to her weight On this gold leaf, 40 kg / 88 lbs this time will be Dago Pangoda Shuedagon or Shwedagon Pagoda (Shwe means gold, Dagon means ruin Shwe Dagon). In 1460 the Queen returned from Peg to Dagon and retreated opposite Pagoda. She has a northern staircase built to Shwedagon, and in 1471 she dies.

1472 King Damma'zdi of the month keeps on the job of the Queen's followers. He raised the height of Shwedagon Pagoda again to 66 m / 217 ft, donated the amount of 4 times his weight plus the weight of his wife to further decorate the pagoda. He completed work in 1485, and three stone monuments are built on the stairs to the east of Shwedagon Pagoda. The inscription describes the history of the Shwedagon Tower from the Gautama Buddha era and the list of works performed in the tower from 1436 to 1485. The inscription is written in three languages: Mon, Paris, Burma.

1612 Autonomous King Sirim (Actually Syria's mayor) Philippe de Brito Nicote (Portuguese mercenary) attacks the Tower of Shwedagon and steals the great bell of Damama Masdin.

1756 Alaungpaya capture Dagon king of Burma adds some nearby reconciliation (Alone, Pabedan, Kyauktada and Botataung) to it and changes the name of Dagon to Yan - Koun Mrui (End dispute & # 39; Yan-Koun Mrui is still a small village, and to Syriam on the other side of the shadow river that his prioritized port Dagon was standing by then.

1757 Yankeeomului is beginning to increase its importance as a seaport gradually after Syria and its port were destroyed by King Alaounpaya.

1768 King Avas Hsinbyushin rebuilds the whole tower of the Shwedagon pagoda that has collapsed in a heavy earthquake and raises it to a height of 99 meters / 325 feet.

1779 He was the successor to the King of Silla King, and donated 23 tons of Maha Ganda Bell to the Shwedagon Tower.

1824 British military occupations Yan-Koun Murui and Shwedagon Pagoda, the first Anglo-Burmese war took place from 1824 to 1826 It was. Schwedagon is used as a fortress from 1824 to 1826, and Synuttaro Hill is used as a position of the military.

1827 After the Yangon Treaty, Rangoon will be returned to the Burmese government.

1841 Houses made of the cheapest and weakest materials such as wood and bamboo are almost completely destroyed by catastrophic fires. The village is rebuilt with the same material that can be destroyed by fire, and Ava's Tharrawaddy Min Min will donate a 42 ton bell Maha Tissada Gandha & # 39; Gold plating to Shwedagon Pagoda 20 kg / 44 pounds. His chief queen, Min Myat Shwe, built a western staircase leading to Shwedagon.

1850 Yan-Koun Mrui, who had only contracted wooden buildings yet, was almost completely destroyed by the fire. King Pagan Min, the successor of his son and king Tharrawaddy Min, the city wall of the building as a defense against the British army (actually broken).

1852 During the Second Anglo-Burmese War, the British occupied the Yan Connie Mului, the Shwedagon Tower and the Peg State, after the war after the war, annexed the lower Burma, and the Yang Kong Rui (currently a muddy scattered village) Had made. Rangoon now, the capital of Burma in the UK. Shwedagon Pagoda is again used as a British fortress. Pagoda is the center base for the defense of the town, and Synutta Hill becomes the position of the army.

1853 The UK establishes Rangoon port. Since many of the Old Town has been destroyed, now, after draining and dredging the sunken swamp, we will construct a new city (actually the first residential area called the city in fact) along a completely new line with Sule Pagoda I will start. The exact center based on the geometric grid plan and block system whose length extends to the east and west with the design of the engineer's army technician Alexander Fraser (Alexander Fraser) is 800 feet / 860 feet / 244 x 262 meters / Running east and west north and south.

There are 4 kinds on roads and streets. There are extensive roads, vast roads, medium-sized streets, narrow streets and so on. Montgomery Road and other wide roads are named. Medium size and narrow streets are numbered like 37th Avenue. Development of Rangoon is under the guidance and supervision of the Public Works Division.

Rangoon's conceptual sketch is being prepared by William Montgomery who has certain experience from the plan of Singapore. These sketches are further elaborated by Alexander Frazer. Underlined guidelines for urban development are classical architectural thought that symmetry gives order, harmony brings harmony, harmony brings beauty. A period of very rapid and unknown economic growth in Rangoon is beginning.

1871 Minden Min-Min, Mandarane's capital of Burma's independent northern part (Burmese kingdom), will donate a new hti (umbrella) to the top of the pupil of Schwedagon Pagoda. A large number of people participate in the ceremony. In my opinion, donating hti was not motivated by winning benefits, rather than publicly showing his ignorance of British authority.

1874 Rangoon municipality was founded by British.

1879/80 Rangoon is away from Main Hunt Hardy District & # 39; It was organized in another district. At the moment, the British colonial Rangoon (after 30 years), the British port surpassed my Calcutta and Bombay, it is a prosperous and bustling economic base, even if there are slight implications developed within 30 years it was done.

1885/6 British troops occupy all Burma (leaving Mandalay capital in the Burmese kingdom of Burma) after winning within about two weeks of the 3 rd Anglo Burma War. They renamed it Burma, it will be a part of India in the UK. Rangoon became the capital of British India. This means that the local government of Burma in Rangoon is administratively restrained by the instructions from the central government of Calcutta (India), which is managed directly by the imperial government of London.

1922 The City of Rangoon City Law as part of the Burma law was enacted.

1929 March 29, the control of Shwedagon Pagoda will be returned to Burma by British.

1930 Shwedagon Pagoda is slightly damaged by the earthquake in the center of Pegu.

1931 Many of the Shwedagon Pagoda areas begin seriously at the foot of the staircase on the west and are severely damaged by serious fires spreading rapidly over the structure of the upper terrace.

1933 Mingaladon Aerodrome Rangoon was built.

1937 Rangoon became administratively separated from India and became the capital of all Burma given a good measure of autonomy.

1942 Japanese people occupy Rangoon.

[1945[1945 Rangoon was regained by British and American forces.

1947 Rangoon International Airport has been completed.

1948 After Rangoon has become independent from the British capital of the independent Burmese coalition, almost all English names such as streets, parks, lakes and the like have been changed to Burma's name. As agreed on a contract negotiated between Bogyoke Aung San (de facto Burma in spite of Burma's de facto British victory) and Clement Attlee British Prime Minister, Burma was independently released in London In 1947

1989 Rangoon is called Yangon by the Burmese government and is called Myanmar without the consent of the people of Burma.

1999 Shwedagon Pagoda stupa gets a new hti (umbrella).

Year 2005 Rangoon (now called Yangon) has lost its position as the capital of Burma (now called Myanmar) when the government moved to the new capital Nyupupu Tau.

year 2012 Shwedagon Pagoda has an anniversary of 2.600 years

From 1853 to 1937, the UK has developed a completely new Rangoon (current Yangon) road, road, road, bridge, drainage, drainage, sewer system, reservoir, water supply pipeline net, pump work, electric cable car, Hundreds of colonial masonry buildings consisting of government agencies and state buildings (198 of which are on the Yangon Heritage List) and mainly foreign-affiliated companies and churches, office buildings, government agencies, general post offices, Prison Building, Museum, Theater, Cinema, Club, Warehouse, Hospital, Fire Department, Police Station, Prison, Hotel, Bank, School, University, Courthouse, Market, Department, City Hall, Residential Structure, , British colony Rotoon dotted on the street where canals, zoos, gardening gardens, golf courses, rice factories, slaughter houses, burial gr lighthouse, racecourse, trees with lights are lining up was completely functional in the early 1900's. It had a public service that is comparable to the capital of the hula and Europe. Colonial Rangoon was an architectural masterpiece also called "East Garden City". Its population has increased from about 40,000 in 1853 to about 450,000 in 1937.

Britons make Rangoon the centerpiece of the international commerce network, Rangoon is the most sophisticated and important city of Burma, the center of capital, finance and economy, distinguished from most of Asia and other port cities Not stick. Most of the Rangoon prisoners (about 2/3) are foreigners who are not Burmese, such as British, Indian, Chinese, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, German, American, Jewish did. Today 's Yangon is a hot spot of various nationalities and races as well as the reason why past colony Rangoon and current Yangon could not be seen as part of reality Burma. However, British Colonial Rangoon has played a decisive role in the history of Burma and has become an integral part.